- Title
- Small RNA dysregulation in neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders
- Creator
- Geaghan, Michael; Cairns, Murray J.
- Relation
- Essentials of Noncoding RNA in Neuroscience: Ontogenetics, Plasticity of the Vertebrate Brain p. 225-245
- Publisher Link
- http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-804402-5.00013-3
- Publisher
- Academic Press
- Resource Type
- book chapter
- Date
- 2017
- Description
- The extraordinary complexity and plasticity of the human brain is underpinned at the molecular level by higher orders of gene regulation and coordination. Although transcriptional and posttranslational mechanisms are important in these processes, the life and times of RNA "intermediates" in sculpting the complex neural architecture are possibly even more significant. A key component in the posttranscriptional regulatory matrix is small noncoding RNA known as microRNA (miRNA). These molecules function as specificity components and provide the basis for a universal combinatorial regulatory network by guiding the function of Argonaute proteins and their cofactors of the RNA-induced silencing complex. Evidence supporting the involvement of miRNA in neural development and synaptic mechanisms has been emerging at a phenomenal rate, and it is now clear that these molecules play a key role in the brain and behavior. There is also an emerging evidence for their involvement in the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of neurobehavioral and neurocognitive disorders. These small RNAs regulate mRNA stability and translation on a genome-wide scale through their capacity to target hundreds of mRNA transcripts and influence gene networks. There is evidence to suggest that numerous miRNA are dysregulated in postmortem neuropathology of neuropsychiatric disorders and strong genetic support for association of both miRNA genes and their targets with these conditions. In this chapter, we discuss the evidence for miRNA dysregulation and dysfunction with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, autism spectrum disorders, and other neurocognitive syndromes as well as their potential as biomarkers or the rapeutics for these disorders.
- Subject
- microRNA; RISC; posttranscriptional gene regulation; brain; schizophrenia; bipolar disorder; major depression; ASD
- Identifier
- http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1394633
- Identifier
- uon:33738
- Identifier
- ISBN:9780128498996
- Language
- eng
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